Mental health conditions in teenagers are more than just age-related angst. They are real, common, and treatable. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Youth Risk Study 2011–2021 revealed a significant increase in the rates of teen anxiety, depression, and suicide. That’s why it’s vital to support teenagers’ mental health and know the early warning signs of self-harm.
From the age of 10 to 20, many factors shape mental health, including the demands of school, sports, and work; family conflicts and changes; gender identity; lack of sleep; peer pressure and changes in relationships; and social media use.
Take the threat of suicide seriously
If you or someone you know is in crisis or has suicidal thoughts, seek help right away. Call 988 to reach the 24/7 National Suicide Prevention Lifeline or chat with them at 988lifeline.org to connect with a trained crisis counselor. If it’s an emergency, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.
Signs and symptoms of mental health issues in teens
If you’re around teens, be aware of:
- Changes in eating, exercise habits, or sleep.
- Isolation from friends or withdrawal from activities.
- Negative comments about themselves.
- Prolonged mood changes, such as persistent sadness, anger, or anxiety.
- Talk of hurting themselves or feeling hopeless, trapped, or in pain.
- Use of alcohol or drugs.
How you can support a teen’s mental health
Teens want to know someone cares for them. Part of caring includes setting limits. When giving support, it’s important to:
- Accept them for who they are, encourage them to talk openly, and listen without judging.
- Encourage them to be involved in school, sports, or other activities, but don’t pressure them to achieve.
- Let them work through smaller issues and negative feelings to build coping methods.
- Make sure they’re getting enough sleep and keep phones out of bedrooms at night.
- Talk with them about what they see on social media. Set time limits, especially for younger teens.
What to do when someone needs help
If a friend or family member is showing signs of a mental health issue, it’s important to seek help. Going to a primary care doctor might be the right first step for finding mental health help. Encourage them to meet with a counselor at school or talk with a therapist – many health plans offer virtual care options for mental health. You can also check if your health plan or employer offers an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) that can provide mental health resources and support. Minimize access to means of self-harm, such as firearms, prescription medicines, and sharp objects like razors or knives.
Don’t wait to seek help. For more information and helpful resources, visit the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) Massachusetts website at namimass.org.
Carolyn Langer, MD, JD, MPH, is the clinical leader and chief medical officer for Wellpoint (formerly UniCare), a health benefits company based in Woburn, Mass. She is board-certified in occupational medicine. Learn more at wellpointmass.com.